The Mesopotamian Civilization Series (c. 5,500 Years Ago –)

The Gutians: The Mountain People Who Toppled the Akkadian Empire

In the 22nd century BC, the lands of Sumer and Akkad, home to one of humanity's oldest civilizations, were engulfed in u...
The Mesopotamian Civilization Series (c. 5,500 Years Ago –)
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When Did Egyptian Civilization Begin? Dates and the Nile

When did Egyptian civilization begin? Compare its starting dates and explore how the Nile shaped the map, farming, and the early Egyptian state.
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The Mesopotamian Civilization Series (c. 5,500 Years Ago –)

The Isin-Larsa Period: What Happened Between Sumer and Babylon

The two hundred and sixty years between the fall of Ur III and the rise of Hammurabi produced the written law collection...
The Mesopotamian Civilization Series (c. 5,500 Years Ago –)
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Fayum A Culture: Egypt’s First Farmers at a Desert Lake

What Was the Fayum A Culture? A Short Answer FirstThe Fayum A culture is the name archaeologists give to a group of Neol...
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El Omari Culture: Egypt’s Neolithic Village at Wadi Hof Explained

Most people meet ancient Egypt through its pyramids, gold masks and painted tombs. Far fewer have heard of the farmers w...
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What Was the Neo-Assyrian Empire? Meaning and Dates

The name “Neo-Assyrian Empire” sounds straightforward until three basic questions appear: did its people use that name, ...
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When Was the Old Babylonian Period? Dates, Map, and Why Sources Disagree

Most histories of ancient Mesopotamia open with monuments. This one opens with a question that trips up nearly every rea...
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Proterozoic Eon (~2.5 billion years ago — 541 million years ago)

Introduction: Welcome to Earth’s Most “Alien” 250 Million Years

Introduction: Welcome to Earth's Most "Alien" 250 Million YearsDid you know that approximately 2.3 billion years ago—lon...
Proterozoic Eon (~2.5 billion years ago — 541 million years ago)
Proterozoic Eon (~2.5 billion years ago — 541 million years ago)

Orosirian Period Explained: How Giant Asteroid Impacts and the Oxygen Revolution Shaped Earth 2 Billion Years Ago

Orosirian Period Explained: How Giant Asteroid Impacts and the Oxygen Revolution Shaped Earth 2 Billion Years AgoThe gro...
Proterozoic Eon (~2.5 billion years ago — 541 million years ago)
Proterozoic Eon (~2.5 billion years ago — 541 million years ago)

What is the Statherian Period? The Truth Behind the “Boring Billion” and the Mystery of Animal Evolution

What is the Statherian Period? The Truth Behind the "Boring Billion" and the Mystery of Animal EvolutionThe 'Complete Ed...
Proterozoic Eon (~2.5 billion years ago — 541 million years ago)
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